Malaysian Ladybird Beetles: Hypothesized Systems of the Subfamilies in Coccinellidae..

Friday, October 7, 2011

Hypothesized Systems of the Subfamilies in Coccinellidae..

Taxonomic studies on ladybird classification has been done since hundreds of years ago by some renowned naturalists and coleopterists. There are many proposed systems of the groupings in Coccinellidae family; among these, the important systems were by Sasaji (1971a), Fursch (1990), Kovar (1996), Hovek & Honek (1996), and the latest one by Splinski (2007). But a proposed classification of Coccinellidae worldwide was by Klovar (1996) though many ammendments have been made to this system since then due to some limitations to this system. Therefore, I opt to choose that of by Kovar (1996).

Sasaji (1971a)	Kovář (1996)


Sticholotidinae Serangiini Sukunahikonini	Sticholotidinae Serangiini Sukunahikonini Microweiseini Carinodulini

Sticholotidini Shirozuellini	Sticholotidini Plotinini Limnichopharini Cephaloscymnini Shirozuellini Argentipilosini
Coccidulinae Coccidulini Exoplectrini Lithophilini	Coccidulinae Coccidulini Exoplectrini Lithophilini (as Tetrabrachini) Azyini Cranophorini¹ Monocorynini
Noviiini	Ortaliinae Noviini
Scymninae Cranophorini Ortaliini	Ortaliini
Scymnillini Scymnini	Scymninae Scymnillini Scymnini

Aspidimerini Hyperaspidini Stethorini	Aspidimerini Selvadiini Hyperaspidini Brachiacanthini Stethorini Cryptognathini (as Pentiliini)
Chilocorinae Chilochorini Platynaspidini Telsimini	Chilocorinae Chilochorini Platynaspidini Telsimini
Coccinellinae Coccinellini Discotomini Halyziini (as Psylloborini)	Coccinellinae Coccinellini Tytthaspidini Discotomini Halyziini (as Psylloborini) Singhikalini
Epilachninae Epilachnini	Epilachninae Epilachnini Epivertini Cynegetini (as Madaiini) Eremochilini

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What is Ladybird?

Ladybirds, ladybugs or sometimes called ladybird/ladybug beetles (by entomologists) are very common to us for over hundreds of years. In Malaysia, we call it 'kekubah kura-kura'. They are a group of insects (6-legged creepy crawlies unlike their distinct relatives; the 8-legged arachnids) that have undergone evolution since 280 million years ago (Lower & Upper Carboniferous period) and in fact have outlived the dinosaurs sucessfully. There are more than 5000 ladybird species described around the world (Judy & Humphries, 2000). Ladybirds are grouped in one big family known as Coccinellidae (in a superfamily Cucujoidea) which encompasses 2 subfamilies in accordance to Splinski (2007) although previously were divided into at least 6 subfamilies in accordance to Sasaji (1968). Thus, they are sometimes interchangeably rendered as coccinellids. Ladybirds are small beetles ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm and are commonly yellow, orange or scarlet with small black spots on their wings (elytra). Due to this coloration, they are dubbed 'Ladybird' or 'Ladybug'' in respect to Virgin Mary for which Mary was often depicted wearing red cloak in early paintings. However, not all coccinellids are ladybirds because many of them have black, grey or brown colorations. Note that only those with striking colors are regarded as ladybirds by common people but the entomologists (those who study insects) refer them entirely as coccinellids.

Malaysian Ladybird Beetles

Friday, October 7, 2011

Hypothesized Systems of the Subfamilies in Coccinellidae..

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